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Katanga insurgency
The Katanga insurgency refers to the ongoing rebellion by a number of rebel groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo some of which aim for the creation of a separate state within Katanga. While the insurgency has been active in various forms since 1960, insurgent groups have recently redoubled their efforts after the 2011 jail break that freed Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga, who now commands the majority of the Katangese Separatist groups. Since 2,000 FDLR insurgents have been engaged in a low level military conflict with the FARDC and various Katangese separatist groups; the FDLR are mostly active in the north-eastern portion of Katanga province near the border with South Kivu. The conflict in the region has caused an exodus of around 600,000 refugees to various other parts of the DRC and an unknown number of civilians have died as a result of the conflict.
==Background==
Insurrection and political instability first appeared in Katanga immediately after Democratic Republic of the Congo's independence in 1960. The region attempted to create a breakaway state with the support of Belgium, which aimed to create a puppet state and gain access to the mineral rich region. The State of Katanga however failed to defend its independence during the Congo Crisis and was integrated into Congo in 1963.〔
Between 1977 and 1978, Front for the National Liberation of the Congo sparked two major conflict in the region known as Shaba I and Shaba II. A number of separatist groups have conducted a low intensity insurgency since the end of Shaba II, the main factions being Co-ordination for a Referendum on Self-determination for Katanga (CORAK) and Mai Mai Kata Katanga.〔〔〔
On 9 September 2011, rebel leader Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga managed to escape the Kassapa prison where he was detained. Mutanga soon established the Mai Mai Kata Katanga a rebel faction aiming to create an independent Katanga state.〔 Mutanga also established Mai Mai Gédéon effectively having two separate militia groups under his command. These two militias primarily operate in the Mitwaba, Manono and Pweto localities of Katanga Province; an area that has been nicknamed the "Triangle of Death' as a result of the conflict.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Militia Group Razes Down Over 60 Villages In DR Congo's Katanga Province - Nigerian News from Leadership Newspapers )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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